Setting Up the Framework for Future Development

In the section of the Developmentally Appropriate Practices Position Statement entitled "Principles of child development and learning that inform practice" item 5 states "Early experiences have profound effects, both cumulative and delayed, on a child's development and learning...". Sometimes I think we confuse this fact with the perspective that children are resiliant and can deal with almost anything. It may appear that a child is doing fine but the effects of inappropriate teaching practices may not become evident until later (delayed). One of the major roles of early educators is to set up the background knowledge and experience that prepares children for future cognitive abilities and tasks. If the background knowledge and experience is not there such as knowing the value of print or understanding one to one correspondance later when a child is expected to master reading comprehension or addition the child will not have the cognitive tools they need to be successful. Set up the framework for future task don't rush to the tasks themselves!

Basic Aspects of Developmentally Appropriate Practices

The new edition of Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) Position Statement calls these "Core Considerations" and discusses them in the context of making decisions in the classroom. First consider "What is known about child development and learning..", second "What is known about each child as an individual..." and finally "What is known about the social and cultural context in which the child lives....".

As I think about this core, I am reminded of how I spent my Friday last week in an all day training session focusing on the tool our state developed to evaluate how effective the programs are that our tax dollars support. This evaluation tool (DRDP) has recently been revised to match the work the state has done related to the first aspect of DAP "What is known about child development and learning", California calls these foundations. I am pleased to say that the training on Friday revolved around gathering information to determine the other two aspects of DAP knowing the individual child and their social and cultural context. The key words the trainers wanted us to remember are "review and reflect". Both are essential to Developmentally Appropriate Practices!

Critical Issues in the Position Statment and Issues in California

As you begin reading the official Position Statement regarding Developmentally Appropriate Practices you will find a section titled "Critical issues in the current context". A subheading of that section is "Reducing the learning gaps and increasing the achievement of all children." You will find a similar statement in the Master Plan for Education in the state of California:"closing the school readiness gap."

The California Department of Education understands that learning and development that occurs before Kindergarten influences long term learning outcomes in K - 12th Grade. To address this issue The California Infant/Toddler and Preschool Learning and Development System has been established. The system includes Program Guidelines, Developmental Foundations (age expectations), Curriculum Frameworks (dealing with instruction) and Desired Results (assessment and evaluation).

If you are interested in finding out more about the California Learning and Development System visit the WebSites indicated in the right hand margins.

Improving Teaching and Learning

The final Key Message includes many important ideas. The first and fifth really tie to what this blog has been addressing from the beginning. "A teacher's moment-by-moment actions and interactions with children are the most powerful determinant of learning..." "Effective teachers are intentional in their use of variety of approaches and strategies to support children..."

Children learn and develop moment by moment. Adults who interact with children must realize and take very seriously the profound impact that they have individually on this process. It is our responsibilty to be knowledgeable and thoughtful in all we do.

Cognitive Development Improved With Focus on Physical and Social-Emotional Development

The third key message of the updated Developmentally Appropriate Position Statement reinforces the importance of integrating all domains of development cognitive, physical, social and emotional. "All the domains of children's development and learning interrelate." Focusing only on cognitive/academic aspects of learning is much less effective than planning cognitive learning in unison with physical, social and emotional activities.

This message also emphasises the importance of building on what children already know when introducing new information.

Reducing the Achievement Gap:Message Two

Because of the diversity in the United States children come to group educational programs with a wide array of experiences and abilities. More and more policy makers at the state and federal levels are realizing the value of early childhood programs in affecting change in that gap.

As stated in message two of the "Key Points of the Position Statement" early childhood programs must provide more extended, enriched and intensive learning experiences that follow what we know regarding development by age. The book later reminds us what is age appropriate according to age.

Looking At The 3rd Edition of Developmentally Appropriate Practices

The new third edition of Developmentally Appropriate Practices begins with a section called "Key Messages of the Position Statement". In many ways discussing these key messages dispels some of the myths held by those who do not understand what these practices are and therefore do not view them as important.

Under the heading "What Is Developmentally Appropriate Practices?" the book states "DAP does not mean making things easier for children. Rather, it means ensuring that goals and experiences are suited to their learning and development....." Many adults who state that they don't worry about DAP explain that one of the reasons why is that what is done in the classroom is too easy and does not meet benchmarks or standards.

Under that same heading it also states that "Best practice is based on knowledge-not on assumptions-of how children learn and develop. The research base yields major principles in human development and learning..." Again, those who state that they don't agree with DAP state that it is just someone's opinion disregarding the scientific research and duplication of that research's initial results.

Remember, you can secure a copy of this book at www.naeyc.org under the topic Publications.